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6. Áú»¢¶Ä²© ayg?t?

Genel bak??

Elle kurmaya veya mevcut bir sunucuyu Áú»¢¶Ä²© i?in yeniden ayarlamaya alternatif olarak kullan?c?lar, bir Áú»¢¶Ä²© cihaz? veya Áú»¢¶Ä²© cihaz? kurulum imaj? da . Áú»¢¶Ä²© sunucusu (MySQL), Áú»¢¶Ä²© sunucusu (PostgreSQL), Áú»¢¶Ä²© vekil sunucusu (MySQL) ve Áú»¢¶Ä²© vekil sunucusunun (SQLite 3) an?nda kurulumu i?in Áú»¢¶Ä²© cihaz kurulum CD'si kullan?labilir.

Áú»¢¶Ä²© Cihaz?r sanal makineleri, MySQL destekli Áú»¢¶Ä²© sunucusu haz?rlam??lard?r. Áú»¢¶Ä²© cihaz? kurulum CD'si kullan?larak olu?turulmu?tur.

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Áú»¢¶Ä²© cihaz ve kurulum CD'si s¨¹r¨¹mleri a?a??daki Ubuntu s¨¹r¨¹mlerine dayanmaktad?r:

Áú»¢¶Ä²© cihaz? a?a??daki bi?imlerde mevcuttur:

• vmdk (VMware/Virtualbox)
• OVF (Open Virtualisation Format, A??k Sanalla?t?rma Bi?imi)
• KVM
• HDD/flash imaj?, USB bellek
• Cannl? CD/DVD
• Xen guest
• Microsoft VHD (Azure)
• Microsoft VHD (Hyper-V)

Ba?lamak i?in cihaz? a??n ve taray?c?n?z? DHCP ¨¹zerinden ald??? IP'ye y?nlendirin: http://<host_ip>/zabbix

Áú»¢¶Ä²© sunucusu yap?land?r?lm?? ve MySQL ile ?al???yordur, ayr?ca ?ny¨¹z de mevcut durumdad?r.

Cihaz, Preseed dosyalar? denilen standart Ubuntu/Debian ?zelli?ini kullanarak in?a edilmi?tir.

1 Ubuntu yap?land?rmas?nda yap?lan de?i?iklikler

Temel Ubuntu yap?land?rmas?nda baz? de?i?iklikler uygulanmaktad?r.

1.1 Depolar

Resmi Áú»¢¶Ä²© deposu /etc/apt/sources.list dosyas?na eklenmi?tir:

## Áú»¢¶Ä²© repository
       deb http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.0/ubuntu trusty main
       deb-src http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.0/ubuntu trusty main

1.2 G¨¹venlik duvar?

Cihaz, ?nceden tan?mlanm?? kurallara sahip iptables g¨¹venlik duvar? kullan?r:

• A??k SSH portu (22 TCP);
• A??k Áú»¢¶Ä²© arac?s? (10050 TCP) ve Áú»¢¶Ä²© trapper (10051 TCP) portlar?;
• A??k HTTP (80 TCP) ve HTTPS (443 TCP) portlar?;
• A??k SNMP trap portu (162 UDP);
• A??k NTP portuna giden ba?lant?lar (53 UDP);
• Saniyede 5 paketle s?n?rl? ICMP paketleri;
• Di?er t¨¹m gelen ba?lant?lar kapat?ld?.

1.3 Ek paketler

Áú»¢¶Ä²© ile ?al??may? ve genel olarak daha kolay izlemeyi sa?layabilecek ?e?itli temel ara?lar eklendi:

• iptables-persistent
• mc
• htop
• snmptrapfmt
• snmp-mibs-downloader

Bu paketlerin baz?lar? Áú»¢¶Ä²© taraf?ndan kullan?lmaktad?r, baz?lar? da kullan?c?lar?n cihaz ayarlar?n? yap?land?rmas?na ve y?netmesine yard?mc? olmak i?in kurulmu?tur.

1.4 Statik bir IP adresleri kullanma

?ntan?ml? olarak, cihaz IP adresini elde etmek i?in DHCP kullan?r. Statik bir IP adresi belirtmek i?in:

• root kullan?c?s? olarak oturum a??n;
• Favori metin d¨¹zenleyicinizde /etc/network/interfaces dosyas?n? a??n;
• iface eth0 inet dhcp ¡ú iface eth0 inet static
• iface eth0 inet static ifadesinden sonra a?a??dakileri ekleyin:
  • address <cihaz?n IP adresi>
  • netmask <a? maskesi>
  • gateway <a? ge?idi adresiniz>
• ?u komutlar? ?al??t?r?n: sudo ifdown eth0 && sudo ifup eth0.

DNS'yi yap?land?rmak i?in /etc/resolv.conf dosyas?nda nameserver girdilerini ekleyin, her ad sunucusunu ayr? sat?rda belirtin: nameserver 192.168.1.2.

1.5 Saat dilimini de?i?tirme

?ntan?ml? olarak cihaz, sistem saati i?in UTC kullan?r. Saat dilimini de?i?tirmek i?in uygun dosyay? /usr/share/zoneinfo dizininden /etc/localtime dizinine kopyalay?n, ?rne?in:

cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Riga /etc/localtime

1.6 Yerel de?i?iklikleri

Cihaz birka? yerel ayar de?i?ikli?i i?erir:

• ??erilen diller: en_US.UTF-8, ru_RU.UTF-8, ja_JP.UTF-8, cs_CZ.UTF-8, ko_KR.UTF-8, it_IT.UTF-8,
  pt_BR.UTF-8, sk_SK.UTF-8, uk_UA.UTF-8, fr_FR.UTF-8, pl.UTF-8;
• ?ntan?ml? yerel: en_US.UTF-8.

Bu de?i?iklikler ?ok dilli bir Áú»¢¶Ä²© web aray¨¹z¨¹n¨¹ desteklemek i?in gereklidir.

1.7 Di?er de?i?iklikler

• A?, IP adresini elde etmek i?in DHCP kullanacak ?ekilde yap?land?r?lm??t?r;
• fping arac?n?n izinleri 4710 olarak belirlenmi?tir ve zabbix - suid grubuna aittir ve yaln?zca zabbix grubu taraf?ndan kullan?lmas?na izin verilmi?tir;
• ntpd, genel pool sunucular?yla senkronizasyon yapmak ¨¹zere yap?land?r?lm??t?r: ntp.ubuntu.com;
• LVM disk birimi ext4 dosya sistemiyle birlikte kullan?l?r.
• "UseDNS no" ifadesi /etc/ssh/sshd_config SSH sunucusu yap?land?rma dosyas?na eklenerek uzun SSH ba?lant? beklemeleri engellenir;
• snmpd artalan s¨¹reci /etc/default/snmpd yap?land?rma dosyas? kullan?larak devre d??? b?rak?ld?.

2 Áú»¢¶Ä²© yap?land?rmas?

Appliance Áú»¢¶Ä²© setup has the following passwords and other configuration changes: Cihaz Áú»¢¶Ä²© kurulumunda a?a??daki parolalar ve di?er yap?land?rma de?i?iklikleri vard?r:

2.1 Kimlik bilgileri (kullan?c?_giri?i:parola)

Sistem:

• appliance:zabbix

Veritaban?:

• root:<rastgele>
• zabbix:<rastgele>

Áú»¢¶Ä²© ?ny¨¹z¨¹:

• Admin:zabbix

Veritaban? kullan?c? parolas?n? de?i?tirmek i?in a?a??daki konumlarda de?i?tirilmesi gerekiyor:

• MySQL;
• /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf;
• /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php.

2.2 Dosya konumlar?

• Yap?land?rma dosyalar? /etc/zabbix i?inde yer al?r.
• Áú»¢¶Ä²© sunucu, vekil sunucu ve arac? kay?t dosyalar? /var/log/zabbix i?inde yer al?r.
• Áú»¢¶Ä²© frontend is placed in /usr/share/zabbix.
• Home directory for user zabbix is /var/lib/zabbix.

2.3 Changes to Áú»¢¶Ä²© configuration

• Server name for Áú»¢¶Ä²© frontend is set to "Áú»¢¶Ä²© Appliance";
• Frontend timezone is set to Europe/Riga (this can be modified in /etc/apache2/conf-available/zabbix.conf);

2.4 Preserving configuration

If you are running a Live CD/DVD version of the appliance or for some other reason cannot have persistent storage, you can create a backup of the whole database, including all configuration and gathered data.

To create the backup, run:

sudo mysqldump zabbix | bzip2 -9 > dbdump.bz2

Now you can transfer the dbdump.bz2 file to another machine.

To restore from the backup, transfer it to the appliance and execute:

bzcat dbdump.bz2 | sudo mysql zabbix

3 Frontend access

Access to frontend by default is allowed from everywhere.

The frontend can be accessed http://<host>/zabbix.

This can be customised in /etc/apache2/conf-available/zabbix.conf. You have to restart the webserver after modifying this file. To do so, log in using SSH as root user and execute:

service apache2 restart

4 Firewall

By default, only the ports listed in changes are open. To open additional ports just modify "/etc/iptables/rules.v4" or "/etc/iptables/rules.v6" files and reload firewall rules:

service iptables-persistent reload

5 Monitoring capabilities

Áú»¢¶Ä²© installation is provided with the support for the following:

• SNMP
• IPMI
• Web monitoring
• VMware monitoring
• Jabber notifications
• EZ Texting notifications
• ODBC
• SSH2
• IPv6
• SNMP Traps
• Áú»¢¶Ä²© Java Gateway

6 SNMP traps

Áú»¢¶Ä²© appliance uses snmptrapfmt to handle SNMP traps. It is configured to receive all traps from everywhere.

Authentication is not required. If you would like to enable authentication, you need to change the /etc/snmp/snmptrapd.conf file and specify required auth settings.

All traps are stored in the /var/log/zabbix/snmptrapfmt.log file. It is rotated by logrotate before reaching 2GB file size.

7 Upgrading

The appliance Áú»¢¶Ä²© packages may be upgraded. To do so, run:

sudo apt-get --only-upgrade install zabbix*

8 Naming, init and other scripts

Appropriate init scripts are provided. To control Áú»¢¶Ä²© server, use any of these:

service zabbix-server status

Replace server with agent for Áú»¢¶Ä²© agent daemon or with proxy for Áú»¢¶Ä²© proxy daemon.

8.1 Increasing available diskspace

Available diskspace on the appliance might not be sufficient. In that case it is possible to expand the disk. To do so, first expand the block device in your virtualization environment, then follow these steps.

Start fdisk to change the partition size. As root, execute:

fdisk /dev/sda

This will start fdisk on disk sda. Next, switch to sectors by issuing:

u

Then delete the existing partition and create a new one with the desired size. In the majority of cases you will accept the available maximum, which will expand the filesystem to whatever size you made available for the virtual disk. To do so, enter the following sequence in fdisk prompt:

d
       n
       p
       1
       (accept default 63)
       (accept default max)

If you wish to leave some space for additional partitions (swap etc), you can enter another value for last sector. When done, save the changes by issuing:

w

After partition creation (new disk or extended existing) create physical volume:

pvcreate /dev/sdb1

Check newly created physical volume:

pvdisplay /dev/sdb1

Check available physical volumes. There must be 2 volumes zabbix-vg and newly created:

pvs

Extend your existing volume group with the newly created physical volume:

vgextend zabbix-vg /dev/sdb1

Check "zabbix-vg" volume group:

vgdisplay

Now extend your logical volume with the free PE space:

lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/zabbix--vg-root

Resize your root volume (can be done on a live sysyem):

resize2fs /dev/mapper/zabbix--vg-root

Reboot the virtual machine (as the partition we modified is in use currently). That's it, filesystem should be grown to the partition size now. Check "/dev/mapper/zabbix--vg-root" volume:

df -h

9 Format-specific notes

9.1 Xen

Converting image for XenServer

To use Xen images with Citrix Xenserver you have to convert the disk image. To do so:

• Create a virtual disk, which is at least as large as the image
• Find out the UUID for this disk

xe vdi-list params=all

• If there are lots of disks, they can be filtered by the name parameter name-label, as assigned when creating the virtual disk
• Import the image

xe vdi-import filename="image.raw" uuid="<UUID>"

Instructions from Brian Radford blog.

9.2 VMware

The images in vmdk format are usable directly in VMware Player, Server and Workstation products. For use in ESX, ESXi and vSphere they must be converted using .

9.3 HDD/flash image (raw)

dd if=./zabbix_appliance_3.2.0_x86_64.raw of=/dev/sdc bs=4k conv=fdatasync

Replace /dev/sdc with your Flash/HDD disk device.

10 Known issues